San Diego Estate Planning Lawyer Blog

In San Diego, a large number of residents have multiple retirement accounts which may include deferred compensation, deferred benefit or other compensation plan for retirement. These can take the form or an IRA; KEOGH; 403 plan or many others. Many parents also have a 529 plan for education for their children. Our firm does not give financial advice and are not financial planners or CPA's. Our firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates LLP can assist in advanced estate planning strategies to protect your legal rights and to obtain your legal goals of eliminating probate fees and costs and to protect your privacy in the distribution.

A recent article in the San Diego Union Tribune on April 20, 2008 focused on the Fleischman family. The husband is 53 and wants to retire from his job as a high school teacher in 7 years when he is 60. At that time, his now 12 year old son will be entering college as a freshman and his daughter, now 15, may be graduating early from high school and graduating college at the same time. The wife is a registered ER nurse and plans to work another 10 to 15 years.

The article does not state whether the Fleishman's have a revocable living trust or estate plan in any form. If both of them were to pass away without a revocable lliving trust or other estate plan, their estate would need to be probated prior to distribution. Given the assets in the article, the probate fees and costs would be significant and would deplete the resources of the family which could have better been used for the children's education.

Feel free to e mail our law firm and we can discus with you the appropriate estate plan for your individual needs.

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In San Diego, California there are thousands of attorneys. Some attorneys in San Diego are in solo practice and some in partnerships or other business formations. It is, of course, not unusual for an attorney to pass away while representing current clients or having documents of former clients. Many clients do not know that there is a system in place for assisting client's to have their original estate planning documents transferred. In addition, if the attorney lacks capacity to continue to represent clients or is no longer a member of the State Bar of California, then this system will also apply.

In this procedure, the original estate planning documents in the control of the attorney may be transferred to another attorney of to the Superior Court Clerk of the County in which the client's last residence is. For ease of use, clients can contact the State Bar of California or the San Diego Superior Court Clerk's Office.

Estate planning documents which are included in this are a signed original will, declaration of trust, trust amendment or other document modifying a will or trust, a signed original power of attorney, a signed nomination of conservatorship and some other writings.

If your attorney has passed away and you are seeking legal representation, please do not hesitate to contact our firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP either by phone or e mail.

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In San Diego, many residents do not have an estate plan. No one wants to discuss their death or mortality and this is normal. In San Diego Probate Courts, however, the cost to the beneficiaries of not having an estate plan can cost thousands of dollars which could best be used by the family and not the attorneys and administrators. Our firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP will be pleased to offer you a complimentary and confidential consultation in the estate planning area and determine which estate plan is most appropriate for your needs including a revocable living trust which is the most basic estate planning strategy which will avoid probate costs and fees. Please feel free to call us or e mail us to set up an appointment.

Below are some generic comments about estate planning for all to consider.

Even the most detailed and carefully crafted estate plan should be revisited periodically to make sure that it is in line with changing laws and life circumstances.

* Be sure that estate assets are held in such a way as to minimize estate taxes at death and to avoid overfunding or underfunding of post-death trusts;

* Review the powers of attorney for health care and property to confirm that they reflect current wishes;

* Make adjustments to reflect the death or disability of a beneficiary, or a significant change in a beneficiary's needs;

* Update or prepare a living trust, which allows an estate plan to be carried out with minimal court involvement;

* Retitle assets in your name as trustee of your living trust if you want to avoid probate upon disability or death;

* Review how you hold title to assets (i.e., payable on death, joint tenancy, tenancy by the entirety, etc.);

* If you have not already done so, name appropriate guardians for minor children in your will;

* If you have included a marital gift or a marital trust upon the death of one spouse, consider making the provisions more or less restrictive;

* Examine the scope of "powers of appointment" that allow a survivor to redirect where assets will eventually pass;

* Confirm that the timing as to when a beneficiary will receive or have the right to demand principal is compatible with current wishes;

* Make any revisions suggested by changes in the family such as disabilities, births, deaths, or changed marital status;

* Reassess how title to your home is held;

* Consider the different options for designating beneficiaries for IRA accounts, pension plans, and other assets related to retirement;

* Possibly make annual gifts to children and others free of estate and gift taxes (up to $11,000 per person per year in 2002);

* Consider setting up separate trusts or Section 529 education funding plans for children or grandchildren.

In addition to these considerations, there is a broad range of estate planning options, one or more of which may be desirable based on current circumstances. Among these devices are charitable trusts, irrevocable life insurance trusts, family limited partnerships, family foundations, self-canceling installment notes, and qualified personal residence trusts. A qualified professional can help you sort through the possibilities and arrive at an estate plan that keeps up with changing conditions.

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In San Diego, many companies are formed as a limited liability company. At our firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP, we can form a limited liability company for you as part of your estate plan. Please feel free to e mail our firm with any questions on this or any other estate planning questions.

A limited liability company (LLC) is a business structure that combines some of the best features of sole proprietorship's, partnerships and corporations. LLC owners, like their counterparts for partnerships or sole proprietorship's, report profits or losses on their personal income tax returns. Like a corporation, however, the owners of an LLC have "limited liability," that is, they are shielded from personal liability for debts and claims arising from the business.

Limited Liability

The limited liability for LLC owners is not absolute. Owners still can be held liable if they (1) personally and directly injure someone; (2) personally guarantee a loan or business debt on which the LLC defaults; (3) fail to deposit taxes withheld from employees' wages; (4) intentionally commit a fraudulent or illegal act that harms the company or someone else; or (5) treat the LLC as an extension of their personal affairs rather than as a separate legal entity. The last exception to limited liability is the most significant. It carries the potential for complete removal of the protections for individual owners. If the line between LLC business and personal business becomes too blurred, a court could find that a true LLC does not exist, leaving the owners personally liable for their actions.

Ownership

Most states allow a single individual to be the sole owner of an LLC. An LLC makes the most sense in circumstances where there is a concern about personal exposure to lawsuits stemming from operation of the business. Most laws prohibit establishment of an LLC in the banking, trust, and insurance fields.

Unlike corporations, LLCs can carry on their business without holding regular ownership or management meetings. Of course, formal meetings backed up by written minutes still may be advisable to document important decisions, such as a change in membership or a major expenditure.

Formation

Setting up an LLC is relatively simple. Articles of organization must be filed with the appropriate state office, usually the Secretary of State. The articles of organization include the name and principal office for the LLC, the names and addresses of its owners, and the name and address of the person or company that agrees to accept legal papers on behalf of the LLC.

Even if it is not legally required, the owners should prepare an operating agreement that spells out the owners' rights and responsibilities. The absence of an operating agreement will mean that state statutes will govern the operation of the LLC by default. An operating agreement acts as a guide for resolving common issues that an LLC will face, and thereby helps to avert misunderstandings between the owners. It also underscores the authenticity of the LLC itself, which can be helpful when a judge is deciding whether the owners are protected from personal liability.

A standard operating agreement includes the members' percentage interests in the business; the members' rights and responsibilities; the members' voting power; allocation of profits and losses; how the LLC will be managed; rules for holding meetings and taking votes; and "buy-sell" provisions that control what happens when a member wants to sell his interest, becomes disabled, or dies. Although it is frequently overlooked when an LLC is created, a buy-sell agreement is important as a sort of "premarital agreement" among the owners. The buy-sell provisions can clarify and ease the transition when the inevitable changes come to the members of the LLC.

Taxes

Since an LLC is not considered separate from its owners for tax purposes, the LLC pays no income taxes itself. Like a partnership or sole proprietorship, an LLC is a "pass-through entity." Each owner pays taxes on a share of profits, or deducts a share of losses, on a personal tax return. The IRS regards each member as a self-employed business owner, not an employee of the LLC. There is no tax withholding, and owners must estimate taxes owed for the year, then make quarterly payments to the IRS. Our firm does not give tax advice and we are not accountants and would suggest you consult with a Certified Public Accountant regarding any tax issues. We can assist with a recommendation as well.

Conversion

By converting to the LLC business structure, sole proprietors and partnerships can gain the protection afforded to LLC owners without changing the way their business income is taxed. Conversion usually can be accomplished either by filling out a simple form or filing regular articles of organization. Federal and state employer identification numbers will have to be transferred to the name of the new LLC, as will such items as sales tax permits, business licenses, and professional licenses or permits.

The process for creating an LLC is streamlined and free of highly technical considerations. However, there is an important place for professional advice concerning such matters as choosing an LLC over other business structures, preparing or reviewing the operating agreement, and setting up accounting systems.

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In San Diego, many families file married filing joint. In addition to this important tax filing status with the IRS, married couples can also use the marital deduction rule for the surviving spouse. This can result in significant savings in estate tax when the first spouse dies however this is not tax avoidance and tax deferral. Our law firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP are not Certified Public Accountants however we can form an estate plan which protects your rights and obtains your goals of avoiding probate and minimizing tax consequences. Always consult your CPA as to the significance of any taxable event.

The federal estate tax marital deduction is one of the most important estate planning tools available to a married couple. The basic marital deduction rule is that, upon the death of the first spouse, the value of any interest in property passing to the surviving spouse is deducted from the decedent spouse's gross estate. This means that the amount passing to the surviving spouse escapes taxation in the decedent spouse's estate.

There is no limitation on the value of property that can qualify for the marital deduction. By transferring sufficient assets to the surviving spouse in the proper manner, estate tax liability upon the first spouse's death can be completely avoided.

At first view, the estate tax marital deduction may seem to be a government giveaway. It is not. The advantage afforded is not the total avoidance of estate tax on the transferred property but, rather, the deferral of such tax. The marital deduction requires that the transfer of assets to the surviving spouse be made in such a way that those assets are exposed to estate tax liability in the surviving spouse's estate.

The obvious advantage of deferring the estate tax liability is that the surviving spouse will have the use of the tax dollars that would otherwise have been paid to satisfy the tax liability of the first spouse's estate. The deferral of tax liability also postpones the possible need to sell off assets that the surviving spouse might wish to preserve in order to obtain funds to satisfy the tax liability.

Transfer by Will

A key decision is the selection of the type of transfer to be made to the surviving spouse. The simplest form of transfer that qualifies is the outright transfer of assets by will. The problem with such a transfer is that it saddles the surviving spouse with the responsibility of managing the assets and also exposes him or her to possible pressures from relatives, creditors, or charities to transfer the property for their benefit.

Transfer by Trust

The marital deduction law permits, with no loss of the deduction, the transfer to the surviving spouse in trust. There are two basic types of trusts that have become the standard means for taking advantage of the deduction without burdening the surviving spouse with the problems of outright ownership of the first spouse's estate.

The first type of trust is known as a "power of appointment trust." The property is placed in trust under the will, giving the surviving spouse a life interest in the income generated by the trust and a power to give the assets in question to anyone, including to himself or herself or to his or her estate. This power can be restricted so as to be exercisable by the surviving spouse only by will and still qualify for the marital deduction.

The second type of trust, rather than giving the surviving spouse the power to ultimately dispose of the assets, permits the decedent spouse to designate the ultimate recipients of the property qualifying for the marital deduction. This trust is known as the Qualified Terminable Interest Property (QTIP) trust. The surviving spouse must receive a lifetime income interest in the property. No one other than the surviving spouse may have any rights in the trust assets during the surviving spouse's lifetime. The decedent spouse's personal representative must elect QTIP treatment on the estate return. The crucial feature of the QTIP trust is that the decedent spouse retains the ability to control the course of ownership of the assets qualifying for the marital deduction.

Coordination with the Lifetime Credit

It has become standard estate planning practice to coordinate the estate tax marital deduction with the unified credit against the estate tax. The unified credit against the federal estate tax allows an individual to pass a certain amount of assets free from estate tax liability regardless of the identity of the recipients. For decedents who have died in 2002 or who die in 2003, that amount is $1 million; for decedents dying in 2004 and 2005, the amount is $1,500,000; for those dying in 2006 to 2008, the amount that can pass tax-free is $2,000,000; and for 2009, the amount is $3,500,000. In a will, the amount allowed to pass tax-free is normally transferred under what is known as a "credit shelter" or "by-pass" trust. Then, the transfer under the marital deduction rules is made so as to prevent the taxation of the remaining assets.

Clearly, in the case of a married couple owning sufficient assets to make estate taxation a possibility, estate planning must take into account the marital deduction rules and the associated tax savings. Given the complex nature of the many rules involved, you should always seek the guidance of a qualified attorney for any estate planning needs.

Please feel free to e mail us with any questions.

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In San Diego, many residents have life insurance. There are many companies which provide life insurance services such as Pacific Life, Farmers, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and many others. Our firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP does not endorse or represent any of these companies and these links are provided as a courtesy.

Our firm can prepare an estate plan for you which is tailored to your individual needs. Please e mail us for a complimentary and confidential consultation.

Even if you have a relatively modest estate, life insurance can be an important aspect of estate planning for the obvious reason that it can substantially increase the value of your estate. Where the death of a person is premature and a young family is in need of support, life insurance may be the primary means for the family's financial survival.

Even in larger estates, life insurance can be useful by providing the liquidity necessary to pay estate taxes and expenses without the necessity of selling off assets that a family would prefer to keep intact. Additionally, life insurance, unlike many other assets, does not have to go through a time-consuming administrative process before it becomes available to beneficiaries. Therefore, life insurance can be an immediate source of funds for a surviving family.

Estate Taxes and Life Insurance

As is true of any aspect of estate planning, one objective is to minimize the federal estate tax effect that life insurance can have. The primary tax issue that arises is whether the insurance proceeds are included in the estate for federal estate tax purposes. Including the proceeds would generate additional estate tax liability and reduce the amount of the proceeds that are available to the decedent's heirs.

The fundamental rule is that the gross estate will include the value of life insurance proceeds if (1) the proceeds are payable to the decedent's estate and are thus receivable by the executor, or (2) the proceeds are payable to other beneficiaries, but the decedent possessed at his or her death any of the "incidents of ownership" with respect to any policy.

The term "incidents of ownership" is defined more broadly than to be limited to the legal ownership of the policy. The term includes the power to change the beneficiary, to surrender or cancel the policy, to assign the policy or pledge it for a loan, and to obtain a loan from the insurer against the surrender value of the policy. There are other indirect ways that the decedent can be found to possess incidents of ownership. For instance, if the decedent is the controlling shareholder of a corporation that possesses an incident of ownership, such possession is attributed to the decedent.

Another scenario that will result in the inclusion of life insurance proceeds in the decedent's estate arises under certain circumstances where the decedent was the initial owner of the policy but transferred such ownership to another person or entity within three years of his or her death. Thus, even where the decedent has rid himself or herself of all incidents of ownership in the policy, there is still the possibility of inclusion under this three-year rule.

Keeping Life Insurance Proceeds Out of Your Estate

A common device for handling the life insurance aspect of an estate plan is the life insurance trust. Typically, a person would initiate the life insurance coverage by acquiring the policy. He or she would then transfer all incidents of ownership of the policy to a previously created irrevocable trust, which would be the named beneficiary on the policy. Assuming that the person survived until at least one day more than three years after the transfer of the policy to the trust, there would be no inclusion of the proceeds in the settlor's estate. If a policy is transferred within three years of death, the proceeds are included in the estate.

If the trust itself acquired the policy, the person would never be the owner and the three-year rule would not apply. The problem would be that the person could neither direct nor require the trust's acquisition of the policy without risking the possibility that he or she would be regarded as the original owner of the policy for purposes of applying the three-year rule. Therefore, it is important that the trustee be completely independent of the decedent.

An insurance trust can also have the practical effect of serving as a means of coordinating the collection, investment, and distribution of the proceeds of several policies. An insurance trust can hold other assets that the decedent transferred to it during his or her life. The trust can also receive assets "poured over" to it by the decedent's will.

If life insurance is to be an element of your estate plan, it should be carefully integrated with the other aspects of the plan. Be sure to seek the guidance of a qualified professional to assist you.

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In San Diego, there are many owner-only business' which are in operation. The San Diego Chamber of Commerce and San Diego Better Business Bureau have a partial list of these. An estate plan can include not only real property but also retirements and savings accounts. Below is additional information.

As a result of recent tax law changes by the IRS, a new retirement savings account is now available for "owner-only businesses." An "owner-only business" is either a business that employs only the owner and immediate family members or a business that employs only the owner and employees who by law may be excluded from participation in retirement plans. Excludable employees include employees under age 21, employees with less than a year of service or who work less than 1,000 hours per year, certain union employees, and certain nonresident alien employees.

The new plan, sometimes called an Individual (k) plan, can be set up both by incorporated businesses or unincorporated businesses such as sole proprietorships and partnerships. When compared with other types of business retirement plans, an Individual (k) plan allows more flexibility in its funding and larger contribution amounts.

The two components of an Individual (k) plan are a profit-sharing contribution from the employer (up to 25% of compensation) and an employee salary deferral (up to $12,000 in 2003). Combining those two components, the maximum contribution on behalf of any one business owner is a whopping $41,000 in 2003. Contributions are discretionary each year.

The maximum salary deferral amount will increase by $1,000 per year through 2006. In addition, for individuals who are age 50 or older, the Individual (k) plans, like 401(k) plans for larger businesses, allow "catch-up" contributions in amounts that will increase annually through 2006. For 2003, the maximum catch-up contribution is $1,000.

Business owners are eligible to take personal loans from Individual (k) plans, so long as the plan document allows for plan loans. They may borrow as much as $50,000 in cash, or 50% of the balance in their account, whichever is less. Borrowing from an Individual (k) plan carries the same downside as with conventional 401(k) plan borrowing, however, making this move a last resort for many. Aside from undermining the accumulation of a large balance growing tax-free in the account, a loan, if not paid back on time, will be considered a distribution by the IRS, triggering income taxes and a 10% penalty.

Our law firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP can assist you with a referral to a licensed Certified Public Accountant as needed. Please e mail or call us with any questions.

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San Diego, California has many schools. In San Diego, there are public schools and private schools. The are schools in San Diego in the University of California San Diego system and also in the San Diego State system as well as the University of San Diego and other schools which are private.

As an estate planning tool in San Diego, for individuals who want more control over their investments, a Coverdell Education Savings Account (formerly called an "Education IRA") may be an attractive alternative to a 529 plan. A contributor to a Coverdell account can choose investments and change them, depending on his or her investment strategy. Earnings are tax-free as long as they are used for qualified education expenses. The 2001 tax law also has improved this method of saving for elementary, secondary, and college education costs. Beginning January 1, 2002, the annual limit on contributions will increase from $500 to $2,000.

An increase in the phase-out income range for married taxpayers filing jointly will allow more taxpayers to contribute to a Coverdell account. For beneficiaries with special needs, rules stopping contributions when the beneficiary turns 18 and requiring that the account be emptied when he or she turns 30 have been removed. As with 529 plans, a contributor to a Coverdell account can claim an education tax credit, though not for the same educational expenses for which Coverdell account money was used.

One note of caution: The changes to both 529 plans and Coverdell accounts made by the 2001 tax legislation will expire on December 31, 2010, unless Congress acts before then to continue them. As such, please consult with our firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP for a updated status on this law. Also feel free to e mail our firm.

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Sa Diego, California has many different schools both public and private. The ever increasing tuition and fees in schools in San Diego, California has made the planning of the costs part of estate planning as many persons use their assets in their estate plan to pay for school for their children.

In San Diego, California, many financial institutions offer these types of 529 plans. Some financial institutions in San Diego which may provide these include the Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Washington Mutual and others.

The ever-rising cost of a college education has led to the creation of college savings plans that have been given various federal tax advantages. Among these are "529 plans," named after the section of the Internal Revenue Code that sets forth requirements for favorable tax treatment of qualified state tuition programs. 529 plans vary from state to state with regard to investment options, contribution maximums, and state income tax treatment. One type of 529 plan allows taxpayers to purchase tuition credits for a designated beneficiary, thereby locking in today's college costs. A second type allows the donor to contribute to an investment account to pay for a beneficiary's higher education expenses, such as tuition and room and board.

Individuals can contribute up to $50,000 to a 529 plan in one year on behalf of a beneficiary ($100,000 for married couples) without being subject to gift tax. In effect, the $50,000 contribution is treated as five separate $10,000 annual exclusion gifts. Gift tax is avoided so long as no other gifts are made to the beneficiary in the same five-year period.

Anyone can contribute to a 529 plan on behalf of the beneficiary. Grandparents, other relatives, or friends of the family can use 529 plans as an effective estate planning tool. The plans are unusual in that donors still can retain control over the account, and even take it back if necessary, while reducing the size of their estates. Under current law, earnings in a 529 plan are tax deferred, but the 2001 tax law provides that, beginning January 1, 2002, earnings taken out to pay college expenses will be tax free.

Other important changes in 529 plans were made by the 2001 federal tax legislation. Whereas plans previously had to be sponsored by a state or state agency, one or more educational institutions, including private schools, can set up prepaid tuition programs. Under the new law, money from one 529 plan can be rolled over into another such plan up to three times for the same beneficiary without having the transaction considered to be a distribution. A penalty of at least 10% of earnings formerly was imposed if the donor took back the money or the money was used for anything other than qualified expenses, but now there is a flat 10% penalty. Lastly, the new law allows a taxpayer to claim a federal tax credit for paying for a child to go to school while excluding from gross income funds distributed from a 529 plan for the same student, as long as they are used for different expenses.

Please contact our law firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP if you would like a complimentary consultation on estate planning. Please also feel free to e mail us.

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In San Diego, California, there has never been mass public transportation as in other major cities. As such, in San Diego, most commuters rely on theirr automobiles. Given the high number of uninsured drivers in San Diego, it is important to make sure that you have both uninsured and underinsured coverage on your automobile. This has relevance in estate planning as all of your assets can be seized if you owe for medical bills or for other damages and your insurance does not cover. You need to report to the Department of Motor Vehicles if there is a personal injury in an accident or if the property damage meets the reporting requirements. Always make sure that the legal name of the vehicle is in the name of your living trust.

In one case, a woman called the insurance agency she had done business with for 10 years and told the agent she needed "full" automobile coverage. According to her, no one discussed what level of insurance would provide adequate protection. Instead, she was sold a policy that provided only the minimum amounts required by state law for uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage. The woman and her husband sued the insurance agency for negligence after their son was seriously injured when he was struck by an underinsured motorist and their expected damages exceeded their insurance coverage. The insurance agency, whose line of work is more used to criticism for overzealous selling, was instead in the position of being sued for not selling enough of its product. It is always advisable to contact the California Board of Insurance to make sure that the agent is licensed to sell the type of insurance you are purchasing.

Insurance agents are not personal financial counselors or risk managers for their customers. They generally fulfill their duty to the insured simply by providing the coverage requested by their customers, who typically know more about the extent of their assets and their ability to pay premiums. The agents do not have a duty to advise a client to obtain different or additional coverage. In this case, though, the court ruled that an exception to this no-duty rule arose because there was a "special relationship" between the insured and the insurance agent.

Such a relationship can come about in several ways. The theories that applied in this case were the failure of an agent to respond appropriately to an inquiry or request about a particular type or extent of coverage and the failure to clarify an ambiguous request before providing coverage. Although there were factual issues to be resolved, the court ruled that the woman should have a chance to present her case to a jury.

If you have been injured in an automobile accident, please do not hesitate to contact our law firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP or e mail us.

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In San Diego, California, when a person dies, the time to implement estate planning strategies has passed. It is important to meet with a local attorney in San Diego who can assist with this estate planning process. It is important to consider a revocable living trust when both spouses are competent and able to make decisions.

When an individual dies, there is the possibility that his or her estate will be subject to the federal estate tax. However, only estates exceeding a certain level in value are subject to this tax. That level is now set at $1 million for persons dying in the years 2002 and 2003. The current $1 million exclusion amount is based on what is called the "unified credit against estate tax." In the case of an unmarried person's death, the application of the unified credit is straightforward. In 2002 and 2003, an unmarried person can leave the $1 million exclusion amount tax-free to whomever he or she wishes. Similarly, each spouse of a married couple is entitled to leave the exclusion amount tax-free at his or her death. t

In the case of a married couple, estate planning steps can be taken to insure the maximum use of the unified credit. The typical situation is where each spouse (assuming, for purposes of the example, the death of the first spouse in 2002 or 2003) has an estate worth something less than the $1 million exclusion amount. If the husband's estate is worth $750,000, for instance, and he dies first, his estate will escape the estate tax because its value is below the exclusion level, but the $1 million exclusion amount will not be fully used by his estate. The ideal would be to move assets from the wife's estate to the husband's estate so as to bring his estate to the $1 million level. This would allow the full use of the exclusion in the husband's estate and would reduce the value of the wife's estate so that, given the likely increase in the value of the wife's assets following the husband's death, the wife's estate may be kept below the $1 million exclusion amount at her death.

There is a new estate planning technique that accomplishes that goal without the need for an actual gift from the wife to the husband in order to bring the value of his estate to $1 million. The technique, which utilizes a "credit shelter trust," requires the couple to establish a joint revocable trust that becomes irrevocable upon the first spouse's death and gives that spouse the power to dispose of the trust's assets as he or she chooses by will. At our firm of Pinkerton, Doppelt & Associates, LLP, we can discuss with you this advanced estate planning strategies as well as others which are analyzed for each individual client and their needs.

It is crucial that the spouses grant each other "general powers of appointment" so that property in the trust from the surviving spouse is treated as coming from the deceased spouse. The deceased spouse's will would direct that an amount from the trust needed to bring the value of his or her estate to the $1 million exclusion level is to be placed in a credit shelter trust contained in his or her will for the express purpose of using the entire $1 million exclusion amount. Thus, where the husband dies first and had a gross estate of $750,000, the terms of the joint revocable trust established by both spouses and the husband's will would place $1 million in the husband's credit shelter trust ($750,000 from the husband and $250,000 from the surviving spouse).

It is important to note that this technique was approved by the IRS in a "private letter ruling" and, therefore, general acceptance by the IRS is not guaranteed. Because of the complexity of the technique, the steps outlined above should not be taken without consulting a qualified professional. Please feel free to e mail our firm for a complimentary consultation. We can discuss strategies and techniques to assist in minimizing probate costs, fees and estate taxes.

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In San Diego, California many residents are in the military. As we know, deployments are common. In light of the recent call to active duty received by thousands of United States military reservists, employers and employees alike need to know their obligations to each other when employees serve in the uniformed services. The reemployment rights of military members were revised by Congress in 1994. The main thrust of the legislation is to guarantee the rights of military service members to take a leave of absence from their civilian jobs for active military service and to return to their jobs with accrued seniority and other protections.

Estate planning issues always arise and state law is very important in San Diego, California and there is information about necessary powers of attorney. The federal law applies to all Armed Forces members, including the Reserves, National Guards, the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service, and any others designated by the President during a war or an emergency. Employees of both private and public employers are protected when they have embarked on and have been honorably discharged from military service consisting of active duty, inactive duty training, full-time National Guard duty, or absences for fitness examinations. Unlike some other federal employment statutes, the law on reemployment rights of individuals in the Armed Services has no minimum number of employees for there to be coverage.

An employer is prohibited from using a person's military service or application for such service as a motivating factor in any adverse employment action against that person. Nor can an employer retaliate against an employee who participates in the reporting, investigation, or filing of claims asserting that the employer violated the federal statute.

To receive the benefit of the statutory rights and protections, an employee generally must give the employer advance oral or written notice of military service. Exceptions to this requirement are recognized when giving such notice would be impossible, unreasonable, or contrary to military necessity. One important consideration is the care and protection of minor children left behind and sometimes a guardianship is necessary.

Employees leaving their jobs for military service lasting less than 31 days are entitled to continued health insurance coverage at the same cost, if any, that active employees would pay. An advanced health care directive is really essential for any member of the armed services on deployment in the event they are incapaciated and sent back to the United States under the care of their family. For service lasting more than 31 days, employees may elect to pay for continuation of their health coverage for up to 18 months, or until their reemployment rights expire, whichever comes first. Upon returning to work after military service, an employee is entitled to immediate health insurance coverage, even if returning employees usually face a waiting period.

Continue reading "San Diego Military Deployment: Estate Planning Issues" »

Posted by Roy M. Doppelt | Permalink | Email This Post

Posted In: ESTATE PLANNING , GUARDIANSHIP , HEALTH CARE/ ADVANCED DIRECTIVE

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In San Diego, many families are using a legal strategy for estate planning. Attorneys use their education, training and experience to suggest strategies and techniques to assist clients in protecting their legal rights and trying to obtain their legal goals. On our website, you can see many different strategies. We encourage you to make an appointment for a complimentary consultation. You can also e mail our firm with any legal questions regarding estate planning.

One of these strategies is a "family limited partnership," as the name implies, refers to the creation of a partnership business entity among close-knit family members. A family limited partnership does not necessarily have to involve a business. For instance, it can be created for a particular asset, such as real estate or a mutual fund. This structure is a popular estate planning tool because it can provide both tax and non-tax advantages.

Non-Tax Advantages

One obvious non-tax advantage is that when a transfer restriction is made a part of the family limited partnership arrangement, there is assurance that the business will be kept in the family. The structure also allows the operator of the business (presumably a parent) to maintain control of the business assets until retirement or death. This is accomplished by having the parent retain a general partnership interest that includes management control of the business. The children become limited partners. If a particular child were to be groomed to take over the management of the business, the parent could, over time, transfer fractional shares of the general partnership interest to that child.

Another important non-tax advantage is the protection of business assets. Although the personal assets of the general partner can be reached by creditors of the business, the liability of the limited partners is restricted to their interests in the partnership. Also, the assets placed in the partnership by the donor/parent are protected from his personal creditors. His income from the partnership can be reached by creditors, but not the assets.

Federal Income Tax

The primary income tax advantage to be gained from forming a family limited partnership is the deflection of income from the parent, who is typically taxed at higher marginal rates, to the children, who are taxed at lower rates. Where the donor/parent retains control as the managing partner, the strategy is to allocate earned income to the parent at the lowest reasonable level. The unearned income (return from capital investment) is divided among the parent and children as partners in proportion to their capital interests. Our firm does not provide tax advice and we refer to a licensed Certified Public Accountant on tax issues.

Continue reading "San Diego Estate Planning With the Family Limited Partnership" »

Posted by Roy M. Doppelt | Permalink | Email This Post

Posted In: ESTATE PLANNING

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San Diego, California has seen its share of natural disasters over the years. From fires to floods to other disasters, it is important to insure that your estate planning documents are safe. Your revocable living trust and other estate planning documents are most important as are the list below.

Careful planning ahead of time can ease the stressful process of responding to and recovering from natural or man-made disasters. In the middle of an emergency, when time may be short and the stakes high, is not the time when individuals should be thinking about important papers and safety for the first time. A safety deposit box or other fireproof storage is recommended for your important financial documents.

Good recordkeeping makes sense any time, but becomes especially important in the aftermath of a disaster. Official documents and financial and estate planning papers should be kept together as a comprehensive file in a secure location. The following are some of the documents that should be easily retrievable:

* birth, marriage, and death certificates;

* identification records, such as driver's licenses and passports;

* titles, deeds, and vehicle registrations;

* insurance p